The following information are use for networking people who will face the industrial interview for the first time. These reference questions are collected from experienced industrial IT professionals. Networking is the one of most important category in the information technology environment. In the networking side there are many talents are required for different tracks ex:-data center, security, voice, telecommunication, routing and switching & etc… as well as the industries need practically qualified professionals who pass the examinations from world recognize companies like Cisco, Juniper & etc… for the networking guys who wants a nice job from networking field, consider the above details and prepare the questions clearly and do well.
Question:-
1. What are the difference between hub and switch?
Hub is a layer 1 device. It will out the signal from all of its port except the one from where its insert. It is unable to detect the collision. It works on single collision and single broadcast domain.
Switch is layer 2 device. It maintains a CAM table that store the MAC address of devices attached on its port. CAM table is used to make the forwarding decision. It works on per port collision and single broadcast domain.
2. What is layer?
Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.
3. What is TCP/IP?
It is combination of two protocols TCP and IP. It is used for reliable data transfer.
4. Full form of ping.
PING stand for Packet Internet Grouper
5. What is operating system?
An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. It provides a platform to application software.
6. What is package software?
The collection of mostly used software released in package Form Company. For Example Ms-Office that contain word, power point, Excel, etc.
7. What is difference between Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex Communications?
In half-duplex communication data travels in only one direction at a time.
In full-duplex mode two systems that can communicate in both directions simultaneously are operating.
8. Describe different types of connector used in LAN
RJ-11 ( Registered Jack-11) a four- or six-wire connector primarily used to connect telephone equipment.
RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) connector is an eight-wire connector that is commonly used to connect computers to a local area network (LAN), particularly Ethernet LANs.
AUI( Attachment Unit Interface.) is the part of the Ethernet standard that specifies how a Thicknet cable is to be connected to an Ethernet card. AUI specifies a coaxial cable connected to a transceiver that plugs into a 15-pin socket on the network interface card (NIC).
BNC stand for British Naval Connector (or Bayonet Nut Connector or Bayonet Neill Concelman)a type of connector used with coaxial cables such as RG-58.BNC connectors are used on both Thicknet and Thinnet.
9. What is protocol?
A set of standards sets of standards that define all operations within a network. There are various protocols that operate at various levels of the OSI network model such as transport protocols include TCP.
10. Who develop the OSI modal?
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model to describe how information is transferred from one machine to another.
11. What is a DNS resource record?
resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several types of resource records used, including name-to-address resolution information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.
12. What protocol is used by DNS name servers?
DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of the improved speed a connectionless protocol offers. Of course, transmission reliability suffers with UDP.
13. What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?
It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.
14. What is SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)?
It is a simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.
15. What is Gateway-to-Gateway protocol?
It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers.
16. Where do we use cross and standard cable?
Computer to computer ==> cross
Switch/hub to switch/hub ==>cross
Computer to switch/hub ==>standard
17. What is IP?
It’s a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.
18. What is private IP?
Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from any of the following classes:
Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.16.8.0.0 192.168.255.255
19. What is public IP address?
A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication.
20. What’s the benefit of subnetting?
Reduce the size of the routing tables.
Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network.
Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.
What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?
With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service
21. Describe UTP cable
UTP cable comes in a variety of different grades, called "categories" by the Electronics Industry Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), the combination being referred to as EIA/TIA.
* Cat 1 :- Used for voice-grade telephone networks only; not for data transmissions
* Cat 2 :- Used for voice-grade telephone networks
* Cat 3 :-Used for voice-grade telephone networks, 10 Mbps Ethernet, 4 Mbps Token Ring,
* Cat 4 :-Used for 16 Mbps Token Ring networks
* Cat 5 :-Used for 100BaseTX Fast Ethernet, SONet, and OC-3 ATM
* Cat 5e:- Used for Gigabit (1000 Mbps) Ethernet protocols
22. What is difference between packet switch and circuit switch network?
To make a baseband network practical for many computers to share, the data transmitted by each system is broken up into separate units called packets. When your computer transmits data it might be broken up into many packets, and the computer transmits each packet separately. When all of the packets constituting a particular transmission reach their destination, the receiving computer reassembles them back into original data. This is the basis for a packet-switching network.
Circuit-switching means that the two systems wanting to communicate establish a circuit before they transmit any information. That circuit remains open throughout the life of the exchange, and is only broken when the two systems are finished communicating. Circuit switching is more common in environments like the public switched telephone network (PSTN), in which the connection between your telephone and that of the person you're calling remains open for the entire duration of the call.
23. What is remote desktop?
A feature that’s allow user to manage computers remotely.
On server side
My computer ==> properties ==> remote ==> Tick mark on this check box allow user to connect this computer remotely ==> select user.
On client
start ==> program ==> accessories ==> communication ==> remote desktop ==> Server ip ==> user name and password configured on server.
24. How will you make dial-up connection ?
Physical installation of modem ==> install modem driver ==> my network place ==> properties ==> Make new connection ==> next ==>connection to internet ==> setup my connection manually ==> Connect using a dial up modem
25. How will share printer ?
Install local printer on that pc which has physically attached printer. And then Right click on it ==> share ==> In xp if you run small office set wizard it will be share automatically. On all other PC install network printer. While installing printer choose network printer.
26. How will you configure broadband ?
There are two type of broadband available
One that required user name and password to connect the internet like BSNL or Reliance for this type of connection Physical installation of modem ==> my network place ==> properties ==> Make new connection ==> next ==> connection to internet ==> setup my connection manually ==> Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and password ==> ISP name ==> User name and password ==> add a short cut to desktop
If you are using other type of connection like Airtel for this type of connection you don’t required any additional configuration
If DHCP is enable in modem
IP address and DNS setting will be automatically configure.
If DHCP is not enable then set it manually as given ip by provider
27. What is minimum requirement of RAM for installation of XP?
64 MB
28. What is firewall?
The primary method for keeping a computer secure from unauthorized user. A firewall allows or blocks traffic into and out of a private network or the user's computer. Firewalls are widely used to give users secure access to the Internet as well as to separate a company's public Web server from its internal network.
XP pack 2 has a built in firewall that is enabled by default. To change the setting of it use this path
Local area network ==> properties ==> advance ==> setting
29. What is Active Directory?
Active Directory is a network-based object store and service that locates and manages resources, and makes these resources available to authorized users and groups. An underlying principle of the Active Directory is that everything is considered an object—people, servers, workstations, printers, documents, and devices. Each object has certain attributes and its own security access control list (ACL).
30. What’s the difference between local, global and universal groups?
Domain local groups assign access permissions to domain groups for local domain resources. Global groups provide access to resources in entire domains.
31. What’s the major difference between FAT and NTFS on a local machine?
FAT and FAT32 provide no security over locally logged-on users. Only native NTFS provides extensive permission control on both remote and local files.
32. What is presentation layer and how it is responsible for in the OSI model?
The presentation layer establishes the data format prior to passing it along to the network application’s interface. TCP/IP networks perform this task at the application layer
